Saturday, January 25, 2020
Lewis Carroll Essay -- essays research papers fc
â€Å"Jabberwocky†Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky: Sense or Nonsense 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, my son The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!" He took his vorpal sword in hand; Long time the manxome foe he sought-- So rested he by the Tumtum tree, And stood awhile in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame, Came whiffling through the tulgey wood, And burbied as it came! One, two! One, two! And through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead, and with its head He went galumphing back. "And hast thou slain the Jabberwock? Come to my arms, my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!" He chortled in his joy. 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. 1886 Paraphrase In attempting to paraphrase this particular poem it must be considered that it derived from a book written almost purely of nonsense. Many of the words in this poem are the own creation of the author and only he knows the real interpretation. However, some of the words have been described in the book and others in letters by the author. The words of the previous poem are often a combination of two, maybe even three words, all put into one, while others are just nonsense and for the amusement of the reader. All things considered, here is an attempt at a line by line paraphrase of the poem "Jabberwocky". Jabberwocky: Sense or Nonsense It was evening, and the smooth active badgers Were scratching and boring holes in the hill-side; All unhappy were the parrots; And the grave turtles squeaked out Beware of the Jabberwock, my son! Of its jaws that bite, and its claws that catch! Be aware of the Jubjub bird, and shun The fuming and furious Bandersnatch! He took his mighty sword i... ...roll did in his works. Bibliography Blake, Kathleen â€Å"Lewis Carroll.†Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Ira B. Nadel, William E. Fredeman. Rev. Ed. 18 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1983 Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland. Norton Critical Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992. "Carroll, Lewis," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Connell, Kate. "Opium as a Possible influence upon Alice Books" 22 Mar 2000. The Victorian Web. <http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html>. Egoff, Sheila A. "Worlds Within: Children's Fantasy from the Middle Ages to Today. Chicago: American Library Association, 1988. Empson, William. "Alice in Wonderland: The Child as Swain." 1935. World Literature Criticism, 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 634-35. Sewell, Elizabeth. The Field of Nonsense London: Chatto and Windus LTD., 1952. Smith, Karen â€Å"Lewis Carroll.†Dictionary Literary Biography. Ed. Meena Khorana. Rev. ed. 163 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc., 1996
Friday, January 17, 2020
P&G Gillette Merger
P&G-Gillette Introduction On January 28th 2005 P&G agreed to buy Gillette for $57bn (? 30). Gillette was the number 1 in razor accessories and proctor gamble was number 1 in consumer products, a marriage of the best in their respective industries. The merger of the two companies created â€Å"the world’s largest consumer products conglomerate. †Gillette was a leader in its category of razors and batteries, merging with P&G provided it access to P&G’s technology and marketing skills. P&G added Gillette razors , Right Guard deodorant and Duracell batteries to its more than 300 consumer brands, including Ivory Soap, Head and Shoulders shampoo, Pringles, Crest toothpaste and Bounty paper towels. Company Background P&G P&G a fortune 500 company headquartered at down Cincinnati, Ohio. P&G is manufacturer of wide range of consumer products ranging from Ivory Soap, Head and Shoulders shampoo, Pringles, Crest toothpaste and Bounty paper towels. P&G reported revenue of $82. 6 billion in 201. P&G was started in 1837 when William Proctor, a candlemaker, and James Gamble, a soapmaker, met in Cincinnati to become business partners and Proctor and Gamble was born. In 1858–1859, sales reached $1 million. By this point, approximately 80 employees worked for Procter & Gamble. In 1880, P&G discovered and marketed an inexpensive soap that floats on water called Ivory soap. William Arnett Procter, William Procter's grandson, started a profit sharing program with the company’s workforce in 1887. This program eliminated the chances of workers going to strike. Company opened many facilities to cover up the exponentially increasing demand. In 1920’s and 1930’s when radio because popular, P;G sponsored a number of shows and soon the radio shows were known as ‘soap operas’. P;G expanded into new countries in both areas: manufacturing and product sales and with the acquisition of Thomas Hedley co. in 1930, P;G became an international corporation. Large number of products and brand names were introduced over time, and P;G branched out into new areas. â€Å"Tide†, laundry detergent, and â€Å"Prell†shampoo was introduced by the company in 1946 and 1947 respectively. First toothpaste â€Å"Crest†containing fluoride was sold by P;G in 1955. In 1957 company branched out again with the purchase of Charmin Paper Mills and began manufacturing toilet paper and other paper products. Once again focusing on laundry, Procter ; Gamble began making â€Å"Downy†fabric softener in 1960 and â€Å"Bounce†fabric softener sheets in 1972. Prior to 1960 Johnson and Johnson were manufacturing disposable diaper called â€Å"Chrux†but P;G came out with one of the most revolutionary products on the market called â€Å"Pampers†, first test-marketed in 1961. Babies always wore cloth diapers, which were leaky and labour intensive to wash. Pampers provided a convenient alternative, albeit at the environmental cost of more waste requiring landfilling. To diversify its product line and to increase profits P;G acquired a number of companies. Some of the acquisitions included Folgers Coffee, Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals (the makers of Pepto-Bismol), Richardson-Vicks, Noxell (Noxzema), Shulton's Old Spice, Max Factor, and the Iams Company. In 1994, P&G was in top headlines, the management was placed in an unusual position of testifying in front of court in engaging with interest rate derivatives which they were not much capable to understand and incurred huge losses from that leveraged position and later on they sued the Bankers trust for the fraud. In 1996, P&G was again in headlines as Food and Drug Administration approved a new Product developed by company called Olestra. As the brand was called Olean, it was a lower-calorie substitute for fat used in cooking potato chips and other snacks but during its development stage it was associated with anal leakage and gastrointestinal difficulties in humans. On 28th January 2005 Gillette was acquired by P&G, forming the largest consumer goods company and placing Unilever into second place. This acquisition helped P&G to add new products into its product line that included brands such as Gillette razors, Duracell, Braun, and Oral-B. The European Union and the Federal Trade Commission approved the acquisition, with conditions to a spinoff of certain overlapping brands. P&G agreed to sell its Spin Brush battery-operated electric toothbrush business to Church & Dwight. P&G also divested Rembrandt a Gillette's oral-care toothpaste line. Official merger took place on October 1, 2005. The deodorant brands Right Guard, Soft ; Dri, and Dry Idea and Liquid Paper, and Gillette's stationery division, Paper Mate was sold to Dial Corporation and Newell Rubbermaid respectively. In 2008, P&G branched into the record business with its sponsorship of Tag Records, as an endorsement for TAG Body Spray. Gillette Gillette, originally founded as American Safety Razor Company, is a world leader in men grooming products as well as of women. It was founded by King Gillette who in 1895 came up with the idea of disposable razor after being frustrated by dulled old razors that required professional honing. He envisioned an inexpensive razor blade combination where blade can be clamped on the razor and once getting dulled can be replaced. After six years of innovation and engineering finally in 1901 after joining hands with a MIT machinist, William Nickerson, American Safety Razor Corp was born. In 1903 company was renamed as Gillette. Company paid the first cash dividend in 1906. Before First World War Gillette expanded abroad opening in London, first sales office was opened, manufacturing plants in Paris, Montreal, Berlin, and Leicester, England, and offices in France and Hamburg, Germany. By 1923, Income from foreign operation accounted for 30% of the total income. In 1910, Owner and President King Gillette decide to sell a major portion of his stake to investor John Joyce. Joyce was made the vice-president of the company. After his death in 1916 his friend, Edward Aldred, bought out the shares left to Joyce and took charge of the company. Gillett’s patent on safety razor expired in 1921 and company was ready for new change. Gillette introduced the â€Å"new improved†razor at the old price, and used the old style razor, renamed the Silver Brownie razor at $1, to enter the low-priced end of the market. Gillette transformed into the razor blade model by giving away razor handles as premiums with other products, developing customers for the more profitable blades. Abroad expansion also continued. In 1922 Gillette became royal purveyor to the prince of Wales and in 1924 to King Gustav V of Sweden. Gillette came into top headlines when its Paris office gave Charles Lindbergh a Gillette Gold Traveler after he completed the first transatlantic flight. Company named Auto Strop Safety Razor, owned by Henry J. Gaisman, filed suit against Gillette for patent infringement after Gillette produced a new blade using a continuous-strip process similar to one originally demonstrated to Gillette by Gaisman. Merging with Auto Strop solved the problem for Gillette but it gave birth to another problem. Gaisman checked the company's financial records and found out that Gillette had over-reported its earnings by $3 million for the past five. Stock price of Gillette fell from a high of $125 early in 1929 to $18 by end of decade. This led to the reorganization of Gillette. King Gillette resigned as nominal president and Gaisman became the new chairman of Gillette and Gerard B. Lambert, son of the founder of the Lambert Pharmacal Company and a former manager there, came out of retirement to become president of Gillette. Gillette blatantly went to market and admitted the poor quality of its old blade and came up with a blade called blue blade made by continuous-strip process. Gillette entered into sports advertising and this lead to sharp increase in the sales. In 1942 sports events held by Gillette were called ‘Gillette Cavalcade of Sports’. In 1962 Gillette faced tuff competition from the English Wilkinson Sword Company as it started exporting the stainless steel blades to United States. Gillette also faced challenges from local player in stainless steel category and was left behind in the race. Gillette was left behind and latter it jumped into and developed a new blade but at that time it had lost its market share by 10%. By 1971 Gillette had four domestic divisions: the Safety Razor Division; the Toiletries Division, which featured Right Guard deodorant and antiperspirant; the Personal Care Division; and the Paper Mate division. In mid 1970’s Gillette divested its business by selling off unprofitable business such as Buxton in 1977, Welcome Wagon in 1978, and Hyponex and the Autopoint mechanical pencil business in 1979 and pumping money into the core business. In 1986, Gillette was being pursued by Ronald Perelman, who had previously taken over Revlon. He was about to make a tender offer for Gillette, Gillette responded by paying Revlon $558million in return for Revlon not making a tender offer. This exposed the Gillette vulnerability and it resulted in Gillette going with standstill agreement with 10 different companies. Gillette had responded to various takeover threats by cutting cost and thinning the workforce. Gillette also divested its weak operations and because of it stock showed a jump by 24%. By 2004 Gillette had annual sales of $10. 5 billion and net income of $1. 7 billion. The Acquisition On January 28th 2005 P;G announced the acquisition of Gillette. As per the deal, 0. 975 shares of P;G common stock were exchanged for each share of Gillette. It accounted for 18% premium to Gillette shareholders based on the closing share prices on January 27, 2005. However, the approval by the shareholders of both Gillette and P;G was required. The merger was expected to get regulatory clearance by 2005. P;G planned to buy back $18-22 billion of its common stock in around 18 months immediately after the merger. The structure of deal came out to be 60% stock and 40% cash, although on paper it was a pure stock-swap. | The extra 18% premium paid by P;G for Gillette's stock looked like that it made 18% more difficult for the deal to pay dividends to stock holders. The problem was in buying back shares as P&G would have to borrow funds to finance this transaction. In light of this move, both the companies came under the scanner of credit agency for a possible downgrade. S&P considered all the rating for P&G under negative umbrella watch based on the likelihood that the deal would cause P&G to increase its leverage. As of September 30, 2004, P&G had debts of $21. 4 billion and Gillette of $3. 1 billion. Synergies Gillette maintains 64 manufacturing facilities in 27 countries, and its products are sold in more than 200 countries and territories, with more than 60 percent of sales occurring outside the United States. For P&G the acquisition of Gillette was an opportunity for P&G to add a masculine dimension to overwhelmingly female-biased portfolio. This seems to be a merger of exactly strategically fit companies who complement each other. It was combination of two best-in-class companies creating a stronger brand portfolio, opportunities for even more innovation, faster sales growth, and cost savings. The importance of economies of scale and focus as described by analyst, P&G had attempted to gain both with this acquisition. There was change in marketing sense as Gillette market was mostly towards men so P&G women dominated product category have showed steep learning curve in understanding the men marketing. It was boost to its product category and therefore enhancing the top line. Both the companies have presence in different part of globe made the deal a geographical fit. Gillette has strong presence in countries such as Brazil and in India, where P&G has been lagging behind Unilever. P&G has excellent penetration and distribution in China, the Philippines and fast-growing Eastern European markets such as Russia and Poland. Diversification of Product Portfolio As there was little overlapping in Gillette and P&G business this helped P&G to broaden its product base and offer more products to men in its women dominated product category. Story Now After five years of the deal, things haven’t gone the way as expected. The boost to the top line that was expected by P&G with acquisition of Gillette has been in doldrums. P&G has lost the Gillette top management talent as most of senior managers (with the notable exception of current P&G Vice Chairman Ed Shirley) have left. P&G's stock has lagged behind key competitors', including Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Unilever, beaten P&G 4 to 1 and 3 to 1, respectively, in the stock market. The recession has played against P&G decline in sales in Gillette products have become a reason of worry for P&G. P&G executives and Gillette officials show an optimistic view on the deal they feel still a lot more is still to come. Gillette has helped P&G to transform in different ways that aren't always obvious. P;G has made aggressive moves in key markets such as Brazil and India; a much stronger operation throughout Europe and an even stronger showing on U. S. retail shelves; a ever growing investment which will increase the companies efficiency and help it to deliver the best with innovated products. The deal has indeed given both the companies significant advantages. Economies of scale have been brought in along with some cost cutting giving P;G increase in revenue and income. But only time will tell if this union of seemingly very compatible partners is truly a match made in heaven. Exhibits P;G balance sheet Balance Sheet| | | 29-Jun-11| 29-Jun-10| 29-Jun-09| 29-Jun-06| Assets| | Current Assets| | | Cash And Cash Equivalents| 2,768,000  | 2,879,000  | 4,781,000  | 6,693,000| | Short Term Investments| –  | –  | –  | | | Net Receivables| 7,415,000  | 6,325,000  | 7,045,000  | | | Inventory| 7,379,000  | 6,384,000  | 6,880,000  | | | Other Current Assets| 4,408,000  | 3,194,000  | 3,199,000  | | Total Current Assets | 21,970,000  | 18,782,000  | 21,905,000  | | Long Term Investments| –  | –  | –  | | Property Plant and Equipment| 21,293,000  | 19,244,000  | 19,462,000  | | Goodwill| | 57,562,000  | 54,012,000  | 56,512,000  | | Intangible Assets| | 32,620,000  | 31,636,000  | 32,606,000  | | Accumulated Amortization| –  | –  | –  | | Other Assets| | 4,909,000  | 4,498,000  | 4,348,000  | | Deferred Long Term Asset Charges| –  | –  | –  | | Total Assets | | 138,354,000  | 128,172,000  | 134,833,000  | | Liabilities| | | | | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Accounts Payable| 17,312,000  | 15,810,000  | 14,581,000  | | | Short/Current Long Term Debt| 9,981,000  | 8,472,000  | 16,320,000  | | | Other Current Liabilities| –  | –  | 7,768,000  | | Total Current Liabilities | 27,293,000  | 24,282,000  | 30,901,000  | | Long Term Debt| | 22,033,000  | 21,360,000  | 20,652,000  | | Other Liabilities| | 9,957,000  | 10,189,000  | 9,146,000  | | Deferred Long Term Liability Charges| 11,070,000  | 10,902,000  | 10,752,000  | | Minority Interest| | 361,000  | 324,000  | 283,000  | | Negative Goodwill| –  | –  | –  | | Total Liabilities | | 70,714,000  | 67,057,000  | 71,734,000  | | Stockholders' Equity| | | | | Misc Stocks Options Warrants| –  | –  | –  | | Redeemable Preferred Stock| –  | –  | –  | | Preferred Stock| | 1,234,000  | 1,277,000  | 1,324,000  | | Common Stock| | 4,008,000  | 4,008,000  | 4,007,000  | | Retained Earnings| 70,682,000  | 64,614,000  | 57,309,000  | | Treasury Stock| | -6. E+07| -6. 1E+07| -5. 6E+07| | Capital Surplus| | 62,405,000  | 61,697,000  | 61,118,000  | | Other Stockholder Equity| -3411000| -9172000| -4698000| | Total Stockholder Equity | 68,001,000  | 61,439,000  | 63,382,000  | | Net Tangible Assets | -2. 2E+07| -2. 4E+07| -2. 6E+07| | P&G Income statement FINANCIAL SUMMARY (UNAUDITED) Amounts| 2006| 2005| 2004| 2003| 2002| Net Sales| $68,222| $56,741| $51,407| $43,377| $40,238| Operating Income| 13,249| 10,469| 9,382| 7,312| 6,073| Net Earnings| 8,684| 6,923| 6,156| 4,788| 3,910| Net Earnings Margin| 12. 70%| 12. 20%| 12. 00%| 11. 00%| 9. 70%| Basic Net Earnings Per Share Common Share $| 2. 79| 2. 7| 2. 34| 1. 8| 1. 46| Diluted Net Earnings Per Common Share| 2. 64| 2. 53| 2. 2| 1. 7| 1. 39| Dividends Per Common Share| 1. 15| 1. 03| 0. 93| 0. 82| 0. 76|
Thursday, January 9, 2020
The Issue Of Global Warming - 1185 Words
Problems and History The issue of global warming should be on the list of our top priorities. Studies show that the average of global temperatures have risen since the Industrial Revolution began. Since the Industrial Revolution, human emissions has quadrupled the frequency of certain heat extremes and many scientists have warned that a failure to bring greenhouse gases under control could eventually lead to a 62-fold increase in extreme heat blasts (Gillis Justin A17). Most of the increase is due to human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities contribute to a build-up in carbon dioxide and other gases in Earth’s atmosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere is made of gases like nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen. These gases act as a blanket that covers and gives us warmth, but once these gases such as carbon dioxide absorbs heat, but does not release it back into space in which causes the increase in global temperature. This is c alled the greenhouse effect because it only traps heat but does not release it. In 1988, the United Nation reported that carbon dioxide levels are nearing a dangerous level of interference with the climate system so they have established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (ProQuest). Greenhouse gas concentrations such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are continuing to rise during 2014 and it is reaching historic values (International). A variety of independent datasets showsShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Global Warming1338 Words  | 6 Pagesyears, the controversial issue of global warming has been primarily brought to the attention of the public. Global warming is generally assumed to be the main cause of rising average global temperature. The climate on the Earth is changing and there is no big surprise. It is believed that global warming is caused by many natural and manmade activities, which is affecting the planet by the seconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. Many may not even care about this serious issue, but others harm for theRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1652 Words  | 7 PagesWhen the issue of global warming comes up in conversations, people usually groan and avoid conversation, and many roll up their sleeves and prepare for a heated debate. Some people feel culpable and concerned; others simply do not care. There exist many contrasting viewpoints which yield very distinctive stances on the subject. While many people may claim disregard on the issue, the media has broadcasted substantial data showing gradual rise in global temperature and the topic has been discussedRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1605 Words  | 7 PagesThe issue of global warming is controversial and there are people claiming that global warming is only a fiction instead of a fact. However, research from scientists found that at the beginning of 2000, unprecedented warming was recorded and the Arctic ice has melted to the lowest levels in the recorded history. Moreover, the sea level has also risen by eight inches since 1870 (â€Å"The Scientific Truth about Climate Change†). Although natural forcing mechanisms alone cannot explain the formation ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1504 Words  | 7 Pagesaffecting you all. It’s about global warming. This issue will more than likely take away from everyone in the end, or at least humanity’s efforts to be a greater civilization, if you don’t take care of it. My question is, why aren’t you? For billions of years your Earth withstood countless hardships and has since lived among the cosmos, but now it’s going to be intoxicated and fall ill in a manner of hundreds of years, because of you? Global warming is the issue of the earth warming up due to man’s technologicalRead MoreGlobal Warming and its Issues1198 Words  | 5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Global warming is perhaps one of the most urgent and complicated global issues we face today. While there are those who dispute the very nature as well as causes of the global warming phenomenon, available data clearly indicates that the planet is becoming warmer. This text revisits the issue of global warming. In so doing, compelling evidence will be presented in an attempt to prove that the global warming phenomenon is indeed real. Global Warming: An Overview In simple terms, global warmingRead MoreGlobal Warming Issues1504 Words  | 7 PagesIn late 2012, the Wall Street Journal published an article written and supported by sixteen scientists called, â€Å"No Need to Panic About Global Warming.†The article’s main argument claimed mainstream climate experts were wrong about the effect greater carbon dioxide levels had on the environment as well as the threat global warming posed to society. The contrarian scientists attempted to refute mainstream scientific findings that carbon dioxide levels were rising rapidly throughout the past decadeRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Global Issue Essay1115 Words  | 5 PagesIn the recent years, global warming has taken an increasingly prominent role in the international society. Today, the great debate over the existence of global warming is over; almost everyone believes that global warming is a real issue that must be addressed. The world is now at the step in which it must take ac tion to combat climate change. In the push to do this, many countries report their carbon emissions. However, in reporting our carbon emissions, many people are jumping to conclusions byRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming941 Words  | 4 Pagesthat of global warming. So far, I seem to want to change my thesis everyday; but this is how it stands for the moment. Americans need to work together as well as with other nations to take immediate action to reduce our environmental footprint in efforts to reverse or cease global warming. I feel this thesis clearly states my position, as well as the point of the paper. I still want to play around with the wording, especially at the end of it. I feel that global warming is a serious issue that shouldRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming978 Words  | 4 Pagesbecause of global warming, yet there are some who ignore it and there are some who even deny the plausibility of global warming. An article written in 2016 from LiveScience.org prov es the Earths temperature has been increasing at an average of 1.35 degree’s Celsius per year. This slight change is drastic for northern territories. Countries such as Greenland have reached temperatures they haven’t reached for thousands of years since humans first began walking the planet. Global warming is caused fromRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1701 Words  | 7 Pages The Issue of Global Warming Even though some people believe that there is no such thing as global warming, there has been significant evidence that the Earth is warming. Most scientists believe that the main cause of global warming is human influence. The burning of fossil fuels and the use of fertilizers are the main contributors to the heating of the Earth. Many problems occur as a result of the climate changing. As the climate changes, some animals may become extinct, there is a rise in sea
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